1. Technical Planning
Technical planning is crucial and irreplaceable for prefabricated modular buildings. Design teams must thoroughly understand the project’s external conditions, budget constraints, industrialization goals, construction scale, and overall positioning. Enhancing the standardization procedures of prefabricated components and maintaining close communication with construction units are essential. This process ultimately leads to the development of an appropriate technical implementation plan, serving as a foundation and reference for the design of prefabricated modular buildings.
2. Scheme Design
(Building Industrialization) Taking into account the technical planning of prefabricated and assembled buildings, scheme design focuses on optimizing both facade and floor plan layouts. The design should follow the principle of combining multiple elements with fewer types of prefabricated components, ensuring the normal performance of the building while enabling systematic and standardized design. Facade design must evaluate the feasibility of manufacturing various structural components and incorporate the unique characteristics and construction methods of prefabricated buildings to create diverse and personalized exteriors.
3. Preliminary Design
Preliminary design involves collaborative efforts across different disciplines. The number of cast-in-place floors at the base is determined according to project requirements. It is vital to plan for pre-embedded reserved spaces for various pipelines and equipment, select appropriate prefabricated components, and assess the project’s reliability and cost-effectiveness. The design must analyze factors influencing construction costs, timelines, and quality, and adopt scientifically sound technical measures.
4. Construction Drawing Design
Building on the technical measures established during the preliminary design phase, specialists integrate parameters from equipment, interior elements, and prefabricated components to create comprehensive construction drawings. These drawings must address the pre-embedded reservation needs of various industries and optimize sound insulation, fire prevention, and waterproofing at the connection nodes of prefabricated modular buildings.
5. Design of Component Processing Drawings
Prefabricated component manufacturers and design teams should collaborate closely when preparing processing drawings for building components. Architects provide the types and dimensions of prefabricated parts based on actual project needs. Precise positioning of mechanical and electrical pipelines, as well as door and window openings in the components, is essential. Additionally, the production and transportation processes must be considered, including the pre-embedded reservation for fixed and temporary installation holes and hooks on the construction site.
6. Design of Prefabricated Components
Designing prefabricated components must adhere to modularity and standardization principles to minimize component variety, ensure accuracy, and reduce costs. For elements like lowered slabs, irregular shapes, or multiple openings, cast-in-place construction is preferable, considering local lifting, transportation, and production capacities. Components must exhibit strong fire resistance and durability. Designs should prioritize finished product safety, production feasibility, and ease of assembly.
When components are large, the number of pre-embedded lifting points and demolding considerations should increase accordingly. Exterior wall panels should be designed to meet local insulation requirements and accommodate installations such as radiators and air conditioners. For non-load-bearing interior walls, lightweight partition boards with good sound insulation and easy installation are recommended. Interior spaces should be flexibly divided according to function, ensuring reliable and safe connections between the main structure and non-load-bearing partitions.
7. Node Design for Construction
Optimizing structural node design is key to the success of prefabricated modular buildings. Materials and nodes with inadequate waterproofing—such as door and window openings and joints in exterior wall panels—must meet the building’s requirements for decoration, durability, and mechanical and physical performance. Node designs should be tailored to local climate and project conditions to fulfill energy-saving and waterproofing standards.
Vertical joints in prefabricated exterior wall panels require careful design, combining structural and material waterproofing methods. Joint widths should be selected based on external factors such as seismic activity, wind loads, and thermal expansion and contraction.
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