Prefabrication: Exploring Modern Construction Techniques and Trends (Part 3)

6. 2D (Panel) Modular Building

This construction method involves manufacturing panel units in a factory, then transporting them to the construction site for assembly into three-dimensional structures or for external decoration.

The system typically includes panels for walls, floors, and roofs.

There are several types of panels, including:

• Open-type panel: Delivered to the site without insulation, windows, plumbing, or electrical systems installed. All structural components are exposed. The panel may be load-bearing (transferring loads to the foundation) or non-load-bearing (acting as an independent wall).
• Enclosed panel: A load-bearing skeleton system panel, factory-fitted with windows, doors, plumbing, electrical wiring, and interior and exterior finishes.
• Structural Insulated Panel (SIP): A sandwich structure made by bonding foam insulation between two layers of thin materials. Its structural integrity does not rely on internal columns and is generally used for perimeter walls and roofs.
• Curtain wall: A panel perpendicular to the building enclosure system, carrying only its own weight and environmental loads such as wind, rain, and snow.

(1) Open Panels

1. Cold-rolled light steel frame

2. 2 × 4 light wood frame construction

(2) Enclosed Panels

1. Light steel composite exterior wall panels

Due to exposure to sunlight and rain during construction, these panels are generally manufactured as semi-enclosed composite exterior wall panels and transported to the site.

External wall insulation, electrical wiring, and other work are completed on-site after the building enclosure is assembled, protecting the structure from sun and rain exposure and allowing indoor finishing to proceed.

(3) Structural Insulated Panels (SIP)

1. OSB (Oriented Strand Board) skin

2. Metallic printed skin

3. Zhuoda New Material Skin

(4) Curtain Wall

1. Zhuoda ZD light steel composite exterior wall panel

These Zhuoda ZD light steel composite exterior wall panels are manufactured in the workshop.

At the construction site, the Zhuoda ZD light steel composite exterior wall panels are lifted into place.

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