4.9 Application of Information Modeling Technology in Prefabricated Concrete Structure Buildings
4.9.1 Technical Content
Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology enables seamless information exchange and collaboration across the entire lifecycle of prefabricated concrete structures—including design, production, transportation, assembly, and operation. By leveraging BIM, integrated and coordinated workflows can be established throughout the prefabricated construction process.
BIM facilitates collaborative design efforts covering architectural elements, structural components, mechanical and electrical systems, as well as interior decoration. This integration ensures that architecture, structure, MEP (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing), and decoration work together harmoniously. Furthermore, BIM models are designed to directly interface with production and construction stages, effectively unifying design, manufacturing, and on-site assembly.
4.9.2 Technical Indicators
Key technical indicators for BIM include:
- A comprehensive BIM platform that supports the entire construction process.
- High model accuracy during the design phase.
- Degree of parameterization for various component types.
- Standardization levels of components.
- Direct integration of design with factory production systems through CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) technology.
- An information management platform for prefab construction sites based on BIM combined with IoT (Internet of Things) technology.
Designs for prefabricated concrete structures should comply with national standards such as the “Technical Standard for Prefabricated Concrete Buildings” GB/T 51231, “Technical Specification for Prefabricated Concrete Structures” JGJ1, and “Code for Design of Concrete Structures” GB50010. Additionally, national standard design drawings like “Prefabricated Concrete Shear Wall Exterior Wall Panels” 15G365-1 and “Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Balcony Panels, Air Conditioning Panels, and Parapet Walls” 15G368-1 may be selected.
Beyond these standards, attention must be given to the following key BIM technical aspects throughout the prefabricated building process:
- Use a unified standard format when creating models for various prefabricated building components. Each component should be accurately positioned within the model according to fixed, standardized insertion methods.
- During the layout phase of prefabricated components, drawings should be organized based on component type and size, following relevant design atlases. Dimension annotations, auxiliary lines, and explanatory texts must adhere to a unified standard format and comply with the current national standards: “Architectural Drawing Standard” GB/T 50104 and “Architectural Structural Drawing Standard” GB/T 50105.
- For component production, BIM models should be designed in sequence using “BIM + MES (Manufacturing Execution System) + CAM” technologies to enable automated factory processes for rebar production and component fabrication. Reliable identification and management technologies, such as QR codes and RFID chips, should be employed to create a traceable production management system, ensuring full quality control throughout manufacturing.
- Apply “BIM + IoT + GPS” technologies to monitor and manage the transportation of prefabricated components. This approach provides visual guidance for stacking and hoisting operations on construction sites, enabling a transparent, real-time construction site information management platform for prefabricated buildings.
4.9.3 Scope of Application
Prefabricated Shear Wall Structures: This includes detailed design, production, transportation, and hoisting of prefabricated concrete shear wall exterior panels, composite shear wall panels, reinforced concrete balcony panels, air conditioning panels, and parapet walls.
Prefabricated Frame Structures: Covers detailed design, production, transportation, and hoisting of prefabricated frame columns, frame beams, composite panels, exterior cladding panels, and other related components.
Irregular Components: Deepening the design, production, transportation, and hoisting of irregular components, which are categorized into structural and non-structural types. Structural irregular components include elements such as sloping roofs and balconies, while non-structural irregular components include features like drainage eaves and unique building shapes.
4.9.4 Engineering Case Studies
Examples of projects utilizing BIM for prefabricated concrete structures include:
- Beijing Samsung Center Commercial and Financial Project
- Wuhe Vanke Changyang Tiandi Project
- Hefei Hupan New City Reconstruction Site Project
- Beijing Tianzhu Vanke Center Project
- Chengdu Qingbaijiang Datong Concentrated Resettlement Housing Project
- Tsinghua Su Shimin Academy Project
- China Construction Strait (Minqing) Green Building Science and Technology Industrial Park Comprehensive Building Project
- Beijing Mentougou Affordable Self-Occupied Commercial Housing Project
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