Prefabricated buildings have gained widespread popularity due to their advantages, such as shorter construction cycles and improved energy efficiency. However, managing these buildings presents several challenges that can compromise safety during construction. Every detail plays a crucial role in determining the overall quality of the building. Since most components require hoisting, ensuring safe lifting operations is essential.
1. Equipment Inventory
The first step is to account for all lifting equipment. The stiffness and strength of lifting points must meet design specifications. Additionally, the lifting equipment must satisfy strength requirements, and its placement and safety must be carefully planned and verified.
2. Equipment Management
(1) The lifting equipment should be compatible with objective factors such as the external dimensions, weight, installation location, and crane positioning of the components.
(2) Before entering the site, the equipment’s annual inspection status must be confirmed to ensure it is in good working condition.
(3) Prior to use, the specifications and technical performance of all lifting gear, including rigging, clamps, fixtures, and anchorages, should be thoroughly inspected or tested. Any damage or looseness must be addressed immediately through repair or replacement.
(4) If the equipment shows any signs of malfunction or wear during trial operations, prompt repairs are necessary. Critical components should undergo lifting tests before actual hoisting, and formal lifting can only proceed after all parts pass inspection.
3. Safety Training and Operational Management
(1) All operators must hold valid professional operation certificates and complete annual audits.
(2) Regular training sessions should be organized for on-site supervisors, professional operators, and support staff to cover technical knowledge and safety precautions specific to lifting operations.
(3) Lifting operations must be directed by trained, full-time personnel who are qualified for the task. Operators must be certified, and lifting without proper command or clear signals is strictly prohibited.
4. Safety Measures
(1) Clear signage must be installed in lifting zones, and dedicated personnel should guard the area to prevent unauthorized access.
(2) All personnel involved in lifting must wear safety helmets. Workers at heights should also wear safety belts, non-slip footwear, and carry appropriate tool bags.
(3) During crane operations, it is strictly forbidden for anyone to enter the rotation radius of the lifting arm.
(4) Personnel must not stand on components being transported or hoisted, nor issue commands from these locations.
(5) It is prohibited to stack or hang loose objects on components during lifting. BIM design and transmission of scattered materials should be securely fastened using hanging cages, wire ropes, or safety ropes. Throwing materials, prefabricated objects, or tools is not allowed.
(6) Lifting speed should be controlled carefully. Components should not remain suspended at height for extended periods, nor should they be lifted or lowered abruptly to prevent accidental falls.
(7) Lifting operations should be suspended during strong winds, snow, or other adverse weather conditions whenever possible. If lifting must proceed, anti-slip measures and adequate lighting for night operations are mandatory. Lifting is strictly prohibited during severe weather, such as winds exceeding level six or heavy fog.
Source: Prefabricated Technology
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