BIM standards serve as a common foundation for collaboration among project participants. They primarily include: ① common data format standards and construction naming conventions; ② the accuracy, depth, content, and format of data exchanged between different stages and stakeholders. These standards establish a unified workflow, enabling the creation and transfer of building information models, while also setting consistent rules for information exchange across the industry.
Internationally, BIM standards can be broadly categorized into two types: regional BIM standards developed by individual countries based on their specific needs, and ISO-certified industry standards. The ISO standards are further divided into three main categories: IFC (Industry Foundation Classes), IDM (Information Delivery Manual), and IFD (International Framework for Dictionaries).
The IFC standard is a file format designed for data exchange and communication within the construction industry. It effectively addresses challenges related to horizontal communication between various BIM applications and data management throughout the different lifecycle stages of a project. As a standard format for information exchange, IFC allows different participants and software platforms to share data at each stage. However, exporting software data fully compatible with IFC remains a challenge in the current landscape.
IDM (Information Delivery Manual) acts as a practical bridge within the data exchange process, enhancing the usability of the IFC standard.
IFD (International Framework for Dictionaries) provides unique identification codes within BIM systems, enabling project participants to precisely select the information they require.
Building upon these universal BIM standards, China has actively promoted the development of regional standards to support the digital transformation of the construction industry. Examples include the “Civil Building Information Model Design Standards” issued by the Beijing Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission, the “Shanghai Building Information Model Technology Application Guidelines” from the Shanghai Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission, and the “Jiangsu Civil Building Information Model Design Application Standards” released by the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. These initiatives have fostered informatization in construction enterprises and driven the modernization of the traditional construction sector.
In summary, the IFC, IDM, and IFD standards form the backbone of BIM information exchange, ensuring compatibility and smooth data flow across engineering and construction processes, and enabling effective multidisciplinary collaboration.
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