Among the three components that constitute a BIM model, the model element is the most crucial. It contains the primary attribute information and operational data of building components, along with other essential data beyond these parts. Therefore, when focusing on BIM-based engineering measurement and pricing, the model element should be the core area of study.
In BIM software and models, the data within the model element can be broadly categorized into two types: basic data and extended data. Basic data refers to the geometric and physical attributes embedded in the BIM model, while extended data includes additional information such as technical and economic analysis management, which are integrated later based on the BIM application.
① Basic Data: This data is static and consists of the geometric and physical properties of building components. These attributes define the components during the BIM modeling process and remain unchanged regardless of modifications to other components. Due to their static nature, basic data is stored in an enterprise’s central resource library, from which project staff can extract it as necessary.
② Extended Data: Unlike basic data, extended data is dynamic and subject to change. After completing the BIM model, extended data can be added, deleted, or modified based on the component’s relationship with its environment and surrounding elements. This data is not stored in the enterprise’s central database but exists within the model itself, adapting continuously to environmental changes. Extended data mainly covers technical and economic management analysis. For instance, in the case of window model elements, enterprises need to consider unit prices for different window types, construction convenience, and relevant acceptance standards. All these fall under the category of extended data. While basic data is established during modeling, extended data accompanies the project throughout its entire lifecycle.
Based on the analysis of the three types of graphic elements and data categories, it is evident that most enterprises have already addressed the challenge of basic data management within BIM models. However, what remains lacking are standardized classifications and unified calculation rules for extended data.
For BIM-based engineering pricing, it is essential to develop classification standards and calculation rules specifically for extended data. These standards must align with China’s construction market list pricing norms and quantity calculation rules. Once these extended data standards are defined, they should be incorporated into the BIM model, marking a significant step forward in achieving effective BIM cost management.
Moreover, extended data can be continuously updated throughout the construction phase in accordance with project progress, allowing for the real-time collection of relevant data during construction. The overall BIM framework should remain stable, with data organization being the key focus to enable automatic pricing.
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