Before the rise of BIM, the AEC industry primarily relied on computer-aided drafting and design to standardize drawing outputs and create visual representations. However, when it came to deeper analysis and processing of information, professionals had to use various specialized software. Throughout the entire lifecycle of a construction project, communicating information often involves dozens of different software platforms, which can lead to fragmented workflows and reduced efficiency. In today’s era of free information sharing on the internet, seamless communication is only possible through exchanging data in open standard formats. One such open standard, developed by the international collaborative alliance known as buildingSMART, is the IFC standard. While I won’t dive deeply into IFC here, I’d like to introduce the concept of free information flow in BIM.
True free flow of information requires three key elements: an exchange format (how data is stored on computers), exchange specifications (defining when and what information is exchanged), and the actual information content itself. Beyond the open software format IFC—created to enable collaboration across different applications—the AEC industry also uses the International Framework of Terms (IFD). IFD provides a standardized terminology database that encompasses various industry terms and assigns each a globally unique code. This ensures that architectural terms expressed in different languages can be accurately exchanged in a computer-readable form.
Additionally, the Information Exchange Manual (IDM) defines the specific information needs at each stage of the building lifecycle, specifying which profession requires what information and when. Together, these components—IFC (Information Exchange Format), IFD (Information Interchange Terminology), and IDM (Information Exchange Process Specification)—form a comprehensive information exchange architecture that truly enables free and efficient information flow.
In summary, BIM serves as an integrated platform spanning the entire lifecycle of a building. It facilitates information exchange for project concepts, knowledge bases, regulatory compliance, design analysis, visualization, simulation, technical specifications, procurement, construction management, facility operation and maintenance, demolition, reconstruction, and various computer-aided specialized activities. This comprehensive approach significantly enhances project execution efficiency across all stages.
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