01 General Regulations for Mold Design of Precast Concrete Components
Precast concrete molds are primarily constructed from steel, with Q235 steel plates commonly used for the panels. The supporting structures may be made from steel or steel plates, and their specifications should be selected based on the mold type. The following criteria must be met:
1. The mold must possess adequate load-bearing capacity, stiffness, and stability to reliably withstand the weight, lateral pressure, and operational forces from the poured concrete during production.
2. The mold should be easy to assemble and dismantle, allowing convenient installation of steel reinforcement and facilitating concrete pouring and curing processes.
3. All mold components must be securely connected. Embedded parts within the precast components require reliable fixation measures.
02 Design System
Mold systems are generally categorized into independent molds and large bottom molds, where the bottom mold is reusable and only the side molds are fabricated.
Independent molds require a significant amount of steel and are suitable for projects featuring a single component type with multiple repetitions.
Large bottom molds only necessitate the production of side molds, with the bottom mold reusable across different projects. This article focuses on this mold system.
Main Mold Types
These include large bottom molds (platforms), laminated floor molds, balcony panel molds, staircase molds, interior wall panel molds, and exterior wall panel molds.
03 Design Considerations
Leak-proof Grout Design for Exterior and Interior Wall Panel Molds
Components have exposed steel bars on three sides, requiring corresponding notches in the side formwork. Due to the large quantity of these notches, removing the formwork can be challenging. To ease dismantling, the openings are enlarged, and materials such as rubber are used to separate the concrete from the edge formwork, significantly reducing removal difficulty.
Edge Mold Positioning Method
The side mold connects to the large bottom mold using bolts. For quick disassembly, M12 coarse-threaded bolts are recommended. Each side mold should have 3-4 positioning pins for precise alignment. The spacing between connecting bolts should be maintained between 500-600mm, while locating pins should be spaced no more than 1500mm apart.
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