There are two main types of BIM tools: creation and analysis. Currently, BIM users adopt a combined approach that leverages the strengths of both creative and analytical tools—known as the “Distributed” method. In a distributed BIM environment, individual models are typically produced by specialized design and construction teams.
These models may include:
- Design models — encompassing architecture, structure, plumbing, electrical systems, and civil/infrastructure components;
- Construction models — which subdivide the design model into specific construction phases;
- Construction Progress (4D) models — linking the project’s phase breakdown to the elements within the model;
- Cost (5D) models — associating costs with individual project elements;
- Manufacturing models — replacing traditional drawings with detailed manufacturing data;
- Operation models — simulating building operations for homeowners.
This approach contrasts sharply with the traditional fragmented process based on numerous isolated sets of drawings. Instead, these models function as integrated BIM databases.
Because of this integration, the models can be reviewed comprehensively to identify and resolve conflicts. For example, geometric clashes between buildings, structures, plumbing, and electrical systems can be detected and addressed virtually, preventing issues during construction.
The production tools allow the creation of 2D or 3D drawings from any viewpoint or cross-section, as well as standard documents such as floor plans, elevations, and illustrations. Since the BIM database stores detailed information about intelligent BIM objects, it can selectively extract specific data subsets as required.
Analytical tools further enhance BIM’s capabilities. For instance, energy analysis tools can access data about the project site’s orientation, window types, doors, HVAC system performance, electrical loads, heat generation, surface reflectivity of exterior materials, and insulation properties of the building envelope. These tools also incorporate local environmental data like the sun’s annual path, temperature, and wind conditions near the site. This enables simulation of energy performance, assessment of design alternatives, and estimation of potential LEED certification scores. The design team can then iteratively refine the BIM model based on these insights until optimal results are achieved.
All of these processes are carried out digitally, eliminating the need for manual data re-entry from multiple sources into different tools. This results in a seamless, fast, and efficient workflow.
Additional analytical tools can be quickly developed and customized, including:
- Model checking tools — applying user-defined business rules to automatically verify the design model for conflicts, compliance with restrictions, building codes, and regulations;
- Scheduling tools — linking the engineering breakdown structure with project timelines to plan construction sequences, with the ability to generate animated visual schedules;
- Cost estimation tools — matching BIM elements with cost codes to produce construction cost forecasts, supporting “visual estimation” techniques;
- Pedestrian flow control — integrating human factors into BIM by simulating scenarios such as emergency evacuations or elevator queues during peak hours.
As more tools are developed, the overall functionality and value of BIM will continue to grow significantly.
Must log in before commenting!
Sign Up