BIM implementation is fundamentally based on BIM software. This is a well-known fact, but why has BIM software brought about significant changes compared to traditional software? Today, the BIM Architecture Training Network editor will discuss this topic with you.
(1) First, the graphic aspect has evolved from 2D CAD software to more advanced 3D modeling software, with REVIT being a prime example. While the information contained in these models does not exceed what CAD provided (in 2D, heights were expressed through elevations, and other heights were communicated through a combination of graphics, text, and data), the 3D visualization has greatly enhanced the way designs are perceived. At this stage, BIM is essentially a blueprint—but now in 3D form.
(2) Next, consider the data aspect, often presented in Excel spreadsheets. This information is fully integrated into various professional BIM software packages. For instance, basic data and calculation formulas necessary for structural design are already embedded. Once raw data is input—either manually or via graphical drawing tools—the software can generate analysis results. Structural engineering was among the first disciplines to fully embrace BIM, followed by fields like electromagnetic performance (EMP), optics, and acoustics. The analytical methods used in these fields, such as the finite element method (FEM) introduced in the 1950s for structural engineering, have been around for decades. However, calculation tools were never very efficient. In the 1990s, performing calculations for a small building would take hours. With today’s advancements in software and hardware, mechanical analysis capabilities have improved dramatically. However, these improvements are not directly due to BIM’s modeling concept, even though many attribute these advances to BIM.
When it comes to data, many BIM beginners misunderstand by focusing solely on learning software operations while neglecting professional data. BIM without professional data is merely a drawing (a drawing-based BIM). This is why many say, “BIM is drawings.” For many, BIM is like a blueprint, especially when clients say things like, “I don’t want CAD, I want BIM.” What they actually want are the drawings or construction documents (CDs) in BIM format.
Besides data from various AEC specialties, there is also a category of management data that is hard to classify into a specific discipline. This data has yet to gain widespread recognition in the domestic construction industry. The theoretical framework behind it is still emerging, such as Facility Management (FM) for the entire lifecycle. Managed data includes equipment system information, building dimensions, and budget costs. Without proper management planning, this data might just consist of dry equipment specifications, dimensions measured from drawings, and actual budget figures. The data required from a management perspective is extensive and can even determine the depth and quality of technical information.
(3) Finally, let’s examine document information, where misunderstandings and controversies are even greater. Document depth is harder to define than data. Many still regard documents as optional. Experienced designers may recall that years ago, architectural design manuals were absent in China, and building lifespans were rarely documented. Now, driven by government regulations, documentation is mandatory, and some projects even require extensive manuals. This highlights why management is crucial in BIM applications. Most document-related information stems from management requirements.
It’s also clear why discussions about BIM in the market mostly focus on drawings, with far fewer conversations about data, and even fewer about documents. The Facility Management software industry abroad has not seen major changes due to BIM, as there is little demand for 3D in facility management. However, in China, where a theoretical system for facility management is lacking, there is great enthusiasm for 3D BIM. While passion is positive, blind enthusiasm is unreliable. The only dependable driver is solid market demand.
From the perspective of full lifecycle management, requirements are first described in documents, which means BIM documentation is the foundation. Next comes the need for extensive data for calculations, followed by the creation of graphics as original data. The real client (the owner) doesn’t necessarily need BIM or drawings—they need BIM to enable facility services (logistics, operation, and maintenance), or to reduce costs and risks for contractors. Ultimately, BIM’s purpose is to provide decision-makers with visual documents that support informed decisions.
Through this introduction, I hope everyone has gained a clearer understanding of the changes BIM software brings compared to traditional software. I trust you have found the answers you were looking for. That concludes today’s discussion. See you next time!
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