Once the BIM technology acceptance platform is established, the appropriate collaborative work mode can be selected. Collaborative design leverages advanced computer and network technologies, emphasizing information exchange to optimize the design process. Project members work on different design modules, which collectively complete the entire project. Depending on factors such as project scale, modeling detail level, designers’ hardware capabilities, and BIM team practices, there are three main collaboration modes: project worksets, model linking, and a combination of both.
(1) General Principles
To accommodate different user access, improve model construction efficiency, and facilitate professional cooperation, it is essential to segment and further divide the model. When a model file exceeds 50MB, splitting is recommended, and the maximum model size should not surpass 100MB. Additionally, each model file should contain only one building unit. However, for mechanical and electrical disciplines requiring pipeline integration, a separate model file may include multiple specialties.
When determining collaboration methods, the principle is to use model linking for coordination between different professions, and workset methods for collaboration within the same profession. Model linking involves binding models together after linking to achieve integration.
(2) Model Linking Type
The model linking approach resembles the commonly used CAD design workflow. The project leader assigns tasks, and designers work independently on their own computers to complete drawings, which are then consolidated by the project leader. While this method serves as a basic form of collaboration, it lacks deep mutual cooperation among designers. Despite this limitation, it remains practical because it allows multiple external references within a project, reducing hardware requirements and lowering enterprise hardware costs.
It is important to define the project’s “shared coordinates” and “project north” clearly in the master file before linking models. These coordinate settings must not be altered without authorization.
External references are created by specialized designers based on their discipline needs. When linked, other professionals reference these external files, although the extent of their use varies among disciplines. Since external references may lack some relevant data when applied across different professions, effective communication between designers is crucial to supplement missing information. The commonly used “Copy/Monitor” command is intended only for copying and monitoring associated levels and grids, and should not be applied to other external references.
(3) Workset Mode
In contrast, the workset mode relies on a local area network as a cloud platform where all designers upload their individual models for integration. They can also download others’ models for reference and positioning. This method enables strong collaboration but demands a robust local network infrastructure. Network delays or interruptions can significantly impact project timelines.
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