Full lifecycle quality management based on BIM technology represents a significant departure from traditional engineering quality management methods and models. At its core, it leverages digital construction, driven by digital technology, to innovate organizational structures and construction processes. This approach ultimately transforms engineering construction processes and products.
From an external perspective, this new quality management system relies on BIM models or BIM information management platforms. Each participant can access and utilize quality management information in real-time, within defined permissions and timeframes, supported by a robust database and tools. By integrating human-computer information input and feedback, alongside various integrated platforms and BIM software tools, an effective system that facilitates interaction between humans and machines is established. In summary, BIM-based full lifecycle quality management can be described as follows:
First, supported by BIM technology, quality management encompasses two key processes: the physical construction process and the digital management and product digitization process. BIM-enabled quality management effectively integrates all stages of the engineering project lifecycle, treating this digital process as equally important as the physical construction itself.
Second, quality management involves two types of sites: digital and physical construction sites. The digital construction site aims to ensure computability, simulation, and controllability throughout the construction process. Utilizing advanced technologies such as computing, construction simulation, visualization, and information management, it enables quality control over real engineering projects. The digital site is closely linked to the physical construction site, illustrating the connection between “virtual” and “real” engineering quality management under the BIM framework. Through BIM’s visualization capabilities, digital construction sites provide vital information to physical sites, including clash detection among various disciplines, design flaw identification, spatial utilization and layout, as well as quality and safety data during construction.
Third, there are two key relationships corresponding to these two construction sites: the “trial first, build later” approach and the backend support with frontend operation dynamic. BIM quality control requires intelligent backend knowledge and support, combined with human and material resources at the frontend. The entire quality management process is a continuous interaction between these front and back ends. Simulating construction digitally beforehand prevents numerous quality issues during actual construction, enhances construction organization, and aims for first-time right execution.
For instance, by using BIM models to strategically position cameras linked to the model, and accessing these feeds through mobile devices like smartphones, the construction process can be monitored and recorded, serving as an effective quality control method. The integration of BIM technology with virtual reality (VR) offers a more immersive representation of onsite conditions, making it easier and more efficient for engineers and technical staff to inspect internal structures, equipment installation, and overall design rationality—thereby improving both construction quality and efficiency.
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