(1) Design Phase: Using BIM 3D parameterization and visualization, the main residential structures—such as balcony panels, beams, slabs, and walls—are automatically segmented. BIM collaboration software is used to establish various standards, while standardized structural design families are inserted into the model. This process results in BIM models tailored for different trades and project stages.
① Define standards and rules for automatic structural segmentation to digitize BIM models and establish prefabricated components. This primarily includes detailing the material, quantity, thickness, and height of each prefabricated component after digitization.
② Standardize different node types by automatically segmenting T-shaped, L-shaped, and other data-driven nodes. Perform collision checks on connected components at these nodes to optimize construction drawing designs.
③ Modeling personnel develop BIM models based on official design and construction drawings. By adhering to design specifications, they input elevation, openings, and component thickness into the model, creating a functional information model.
(2) Component Output Stage: Through component standardization and BIM modeling, components and accessories are represented as information-rich elements. Plans, vertical sections, and cross-sectional views are automatically generated within the BIM model, and various types of data files are exported. Utilizing CNC machine tools—including production planning, resource allocation, labor hour calculations, and programming—facilitates closer integration and collaboration with prefabrication factories.
(3) Construction Phase: The construction team must align the actual work schedule with the BIM model, optimizing plans based on simulated lifting sequences, spatial arrangements, assembly order, and equipment pipeline installations. Simulations of on-site construction progress and working conditions help identify issues early. In cases of collisions or problematic nodes, the design team should promptly coordinate adjustments.
1) On-site Modeling: BIM software is used to create a dynamic 3D building model that visualizes stacking areas, transportation equipment, construction tunnel directions, and site entrances and exits. This model is linked with work activities to ensure compliance with both spatial and operational standards.
2) Collision Detection: Nodes and mechanical-electrical pipelines are checked for conflicts. A 3D steel reinforcement view is created using BIM visualization to simulate steel reinforcement distribution at nodes based on construction plans and drawings. This effectively prevents collisions during component lifting. Collision-free building models are integrated into the site to plan lifting operations accordingly.
3) 4D Construction Simulation: Based on the project department’s approved schedule, BIM simulations are conducted for critical tasks. The BIM team leader briefs management and construction personnel, providing simulation videos to assist with on-site component assembly and finishing.
Prefabricated housing differs significantly from traditional construction, especially regarding information management. BIM offers advantages in coordination, parameterization, and visualization, presenting new opportunities for the domestic construction industry. Throughout the lifecycle of prefabricated residential buildings—particularly during construction—it is essential to leverage RFID technology, BIM component libraries, and enhanced assembly quality management (4D construction management) to drive innovation in construction information technology.
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