The concept of BIM (Building Information Modeling) originated internationally and is translated into Chinese as Building Information Modeling. Since different stakeholders and users emphasize various aspects of BIM, its definition cannot be fully summarized in a single statement. Therefore, the definition provided by the U.S. National BIM Standard (NBIMS) is often referenced:
(1) BIM is a digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of a facility (construction project);
(2) BIM serves as a shared knowledge resource and a process for sharing information about a facility, providing a reliable foundation for all decisions throughout the entire lifecycle of the facility—from construction to demolition;
(3) At different project stages, various stakeholders insert, extract, update, and modify information within the BIM model to support and reflect their respective responsibilities for collaborative work.
In general, a building’s lifecycle begins with planning and design, continues through construction and operation, and concludes with renovation or demolition. This lifecycle can span several decades or even centuries. Because BIM technology centers around a unified working model, allowing users to modify and access model information anytime and anywhere, it can be applied at any stage regardless of the building’s lifespan, as illustrated below:
Responding to the diverse requirements throughout the building lifecycle, BIM technology offers a virtual representation of the entire development process of a building project. From design and construction to operation and maintenance, BIM models establish a unified communication platform that enables seamless integration and information sharing across all phases. This fosters collaboration among previously separate sectors within the construction industry on a single, shared platform.
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