Computer-aided design (CAD) software, primarily used during the design and construction phases of building projects, typically serves as a drawing tool rather than a repository for facility management data. As a result, it lacks support for specialized facility management functions, such as space allocation. Although Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can handle non-geometric data, the extraction of data types and formats depends on specific GIS platforms. This dependency makes it challenging for facility management software to directly access usable data from CAD or GIS systems.
Meanwhile, although facility management software continues to improve functionality, there is a persistent lack of common standards and interfaces between various organizational systems—such as financial systems and computer-aided design/drafting (CADD) software. Additionally, data generated throughout a construction project’s entire lifecycle must be collected and formatted before it can be entered into operation and maintenance systems. This process is often time-consuming and labor-intensive. Furthermore, because system data formats are not easily reusable, upgrading and transforming operation and maintenance systems becomes inconvenient.
BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology was initially developed to enhance modeling design and data collection, and it is widely utilized in the design and construction stages. Through initial modeling, architects and engineers can quickly access accurate plans and updates directly from the model, facilitating tasks such as inspections and material procurement. BIM also automates a series of activities, including material ordering, delivery, and installation. Moreover, BIM supports collision detection, construction simulations, and schedule management, all of which help reduce costs and improve profitability in the construction industry.
Information plays a critical role in facility management, and the data needs during the operation and maintenance phase after building handover differ from those in the design and construction phases. BIM models and their embedded data offer facility managers valuable insights across various building lifecycle stages—such as decision-making, design, and construction. According to a 2004 report by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), interoperability issues and information gaps during operation and maintenance contribute to 12.4% of the annual costs of building operation and maintenance. This represents a significant expense throughout the building’s lifecycle.
Therefore, the development and application of BIM technology in the operation and maintenance phase can effectively reduce costs and maximize return on investment. The value of BIM in facility management is considerable, offering benefits such as shorter decision-making times, real-time data updates, and more efficient data management.
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