There are three main perspectives on the definition of BIM: some view BIM as a model, others see it as a process, and some consider it a technological tool.
The author aligns with the view that BIM is a technological tool, as defined by domestic scholar Zhang Jianping: BIM is based on 3D digital technology that integrates various data information models into a single digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of engineering project facilities. A complete BIM information model connects data, processes, and resources across different stages of the construction project lifecycle, offering a comprehensive description of the engineering object.
In summary, BIM leverages modern technology to analyze building information, creating a virtual, visual, and three-dimensional model of building engineering information. This model serves as the foundation for simulations and the development of a building engineering information database that accurately reflects the actual project.
Currently, the risks associated with applying BIM technology in construction projects can be categorized into three main areas: the technology itself, the external environment, and internal enterprise factors.
1. BIM Technology Itself: Due to the technology’s limited maturity and adaptability, most mainstream BIM software is imported from abroad. Domestic BIM software and related secondary development tools are still underdeveloped. Additionally, data conversion compatibility between different software platforms remains a challenge.
2. External Environment: In China, BIM-related laws and regulations are not yet fully established, which leads to unclear responsibilities and difficulties in accountability. Moreover, the traditional construction industry model faces incompatibility issues with BIM technology, highlighting the urgent need for reform.
3. Within the Company: BIM technology, considered an “imported product,” reflects the mature production methods of the foreign construction industry in the information age. However, there is still a significant gap between China and developed countries in BIM application. The shortage of professional BIM specialists, along with the high training and operational costs, increases the risks of BIM adoption. This also contributes to the emergence of a “dual track system” for BIM technology within enterprises.
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