The first step in creating a BIM model for road engineering is to acquire the original terrain data along the project route.
Large-scale data can be sourced from the 30-meter resolution digital elevation model (DEM) available through geographic spatial information networks. By overlaying satellite images onto the DEM surface, a digital surface model (DSM) is created. This 30-meter resolution DEM effectively displays broad features such as the start and end points, horizontal alignment trends, and hydrogeological information along the road project.
However, the 30-meter DEM lacks the precision required for detailed BIM modeling. To address this, high-resolution images with coordinate data extending 50 meters on both sides of the road centerline are captured using drone-based oblique photography. Utilizing 3D image reconstruction technology, a highly accurate three-dimensional real-world model—accurate to the centimeter—is generated within this corridor.
This detailed model enables precise alignment of BIM components such as roadbed slopes, bridges, culverts, and tunnels with the terrain data. Additionally, the 3D real-world model provides valuable data support for planning temporary facilities, including site selection for beam yards and mixing stations.
Once the terrain data is acquired along the route, the road engineering BIM model is divided into specialized sub-models based on centerline mileage. These include roadbed, pavement, bridges, tunnels, culverts, electromechanical systems, traffic safety, landscaping, and others.
Each specialized model is assigned to engineers with relevant expertise to develop the models according to the design drawings. A road route model is first created using plan data from straight lines, curves, and corner tables in the construction documents, combined with elevation data from the route’s longitudinal profile.
The route model is then segmented according to the start and end mileage of each specialty. Engineers refine the road cross-sections within their assigned mileage ranges to generate detailed models specific to their discipline. After thorough review and verification of both models and drawings, the various professional models are integrated to form a complete BIM model for the road engineering project.
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