Currently, drawing specifications are evolving towards a 3D design approach. Traditionally, architects begin with 3D solid models to conceptualize building volumes, and then translate these into 2D drawing specifications through sectional analysis. However, it can be challenging for non-professionals to visualize solid objects from 2D drawings alone, which led to the emergence of solid models. Despite this, creating solid models is time-consuming and inflexible once produced. Moreover, building information cannot be integrated directly into these models. As a result, architectural designers seek computer drawing technologies that can address these limitations. In this article, we will explore how Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology is transforming 2D drawings.
Today, most industry-standard drawing specifications remain predominantly 2D, with few companies adopting 3D design models. In recent years, attempts have been made to introduce 3D drawing systems. However, modifying 2D drawings does not automatically update the 3D models, requiring repeated edits and checks, which wastes time and resources. Furthermore, from the perspective of a building’s lifecycle — including planning, design, construction, and operation — information is often fragmented. Any design changes necessitate manual updates to both information and drawings. To address these challenges, new software concepts have emerged that complement traditional CAD systems, aiming to improve workflow efficiency. This concept is known as the “Building Information Model” (BIM), a digital model that uses a 3D representation of a building to record spatial relationships, geographic data, quantities of components, and associated properties. BIM enables visualization and management throughout the entire lifecycle of a building’s construction and operation.
BIM refers to a virtual 3D model that contains comprehensive building information. This includes not only the physical attributes of the project but also all related data that can be linked to the model. More specifically, BIM models consist of 3D representations of various project components, connected to essential information related to project planning, construction, operation, or demolition. This includes time-related data (4D), cost management (5D), and building functionality (6D). BIM technology combines “XML-extended physical data description” with “computer 3D drawing display” technology. Standards for information description in the construction industry are being actively developed by governments and organizations such as UN/CEFACT. Within a BIM model, every design element, part, or component is defined as a 3D object with an underlying “data structure” consisting of basic information classes and extensible property classes. By linking the 3D object form with its basic and extended information, BIM provides an accurate and comprehensive “information set” for the engineering project.
From this overview, it is clear how BIM technology is reshaping 2D drawings. The 3D visualization enabled by BIM changes the traditional interpretation of 2D drawings, allowing designers, construction teams, and maintenance personnel to easily access detailed building data. This includes the placement of facilities, equipment, and even the color coding of building components, significantly enhancing work efficiency and communication throughout the project lifecycle.
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