Geographic Information System (GIS) is a specialized and highly significant spatial information system. Supported by computer hardware and software, GIS is designed to collect, store, manage, compute, analyze, display, and describe geographic distribution data across all or part of the Earth’s surface, including the atmosphere.
Location and geographic information are both the core and foundation of Location-Based Services (LBS). A simple latitude and longitude coordinate becomes meaningful to users only when placed within specific geographical context, representing a certain place, landmark, or direction. After acquiring location data through various technologies, users also require an understanding of their surrounding environment. They need to query and analyze environmental information to support and enhance their activities with relevant information and services.
Geographic Information System (GIS) is an interdisciplinary field that integrates geography, cartography, remote sensing, and computer science. It is widely used in various fields and serves as a computer system for inputting, storing, querying, analyzing, and displaying geographic data. As GIS has evolved, it has also been referred to as “Geographic Information Science” or “Geographic Information Service” in recent years. Essentially, GIS is a computer-based tool used to analyze and process spatial information—in other words, to map and analyze phenomena and events occurring on Earth. GIS technology combines the visual impact and geographic analysis capabilities of maps with general database operations such as queries and statistical analysis.
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