There are several factors that hinder the development of BIM, which can be broadly categorized as follows:
(1) Internal Technological Change Costs and Risks in Enterprises: The BIM design outputs often do not align with current submission requirements. If the project owner does not adopt a new payment model, it becomes challenging for design firms to sustainably develop BIM technology. Presently, many organizations handle multiple design tasks with tight project timelines. Owners typically follow an approach of “design, construct, and modify simultaneously,” managing projects in ways that impose significant pressure on designers. Additionally, it is difficult to require construction personnel to learn BIM technology under these conditions.
Furthermore, for enterprises to implement large-scale technological innovation and widely apply BIM, substantial investments in software, hardware, and employee training are necessary. Such investments cannot be quickly realized within a short timeframe.
(2) Immature Software Technology: Current BIM software technology faces several challenges, including insufficient localization, limited availability of localized components, mismatches with localized project templates, BIM modeling standards, and workflows. There is also inadequate adaptation to local electrical reference standards and a lack of integration with various local regulations, standards, and calculation methods. The 2D drawings generated from BIM models often fail to meet the detailed requirements of construction drawings.
Moreover, the modeling and performance analysis of irregular buildings demand advanced software capabilities and significant user training and practice. BIM software also requires powerful computer hardware, and its efficiency decreases with large-scale projects.
(3) Misunderstanding of BIM Technology: Due to the broad scope of BIM technologies and concepts, it is difficult for relevant personnel within companies to fully grasp them. Exaggerated and misleading promotion has contributed to many enterprises having an incomplete or incorrect understanding of BIM. Some believe that simply creating a 3D model constitutes BIM adoption, while others think that using mainstream BIM software equates to fully applying BIM technology.
(4) Lack of Upstream Design Models: In some projects, BIM technology is only applied during the construction phase, or design models are unavailable due to intellectual property issues. Often, BIM application requires first building a model based on construction design drawings. Without access to BIM design models, significant resources must be invested to replicate efforts during the construction phase.
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