BIM technology can be categorized based on its application approach into two primary modes: investor-led and non-investor-led. The non-investor-led mode further divides into design-led and contractor-led modes.
1. Investor-Led Model
In the investor-led model, the investor takes the lead in implementing BIM technology. This approach can be applied to specific phases or throughout the entire lifecycle of an engineering project. It supports decision-making and bidding processes in the early stages, facilitates collaboration and multidisciplinary communication during the middle stages, and aids in operation and maintenance management in the later stages.
2. Design-Led Mode
The design-led mode is driven by the design team, applying BIM technology mainly during the design phase. It utilizes features like visualization, clash detection, and net height analysis to optimize and accurately present design drawings and plans. This enhances the competitiveness of design firms.
3. Contractor-Led Mode
Recently emerging, the contractor-led mode leverages BIM technology to simulate construction processes, resolve construction challenges in advance, and present construction plans clearly. By integrating 3D models with scheduling and cost data, this approach forms a 5D construction management system. It strengthens contractors’ competitive edge while effectively reducing construction costs.
Figure 1 compares these three BIM application modes across different lifecycle stages of engineering projects.
As illustrated in Figure 1, the investor-led BIM application mode covers the broadest scope and range. Currently, BIM usage is most active during the design phase in China. However, the ultimate goal of BIM implementation is to serve the entire project lifecycle to maximize its benefits. Thus, the investor-led mode generally achieves the greatest effectiveness.
According to the Smart Building Alliance, a branch of the American Academy of Building Sciences, the ability to make changes decreases as a project progresses, while the cost of changes increases. Therefore, investors who apply BIM throughout the entire project lifecycle are highly motivated to optimize construction management using BIM technology, resulting in the greatest benefits.
This concludes the overview of BIM technology application types in engineering projects. I hope you find this information useful!
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