BIM technology serves as a data and business model that ensures the smooth operation of the entire construction process and its industry chain. As part of the information work system, it plays a pivotal role in driving the construction industry. Therefore, promoting and applying BIM technology in China is both necessary and economically valuable.
The key difference between the construction industry and other industries is that many different entities work simultaneously on the same project, often over long periods, requiring close collaboration. Each unit is assigned specific tasks tailored to their expertise. BIM technology facilitates information transmission and coordination throughout the construction process, targeting various professions and organizations. It enables data exchange between different units and provides standardized procedures, such as uniform construction methods and technical standards.
In essence, BIM technology establishes a common language and communication standard for construction information. Without these standardized BIM construction data, the entire construction process would lack data sharing and collaborative workflow, rendering BIM technology ineffective.
1. Exchange Standards
Construction projects begin with preliminary decision-making and ultimately reach the operation and maintenance phase. Numerous parties are involved, including supervisors, contractors, designers, and government agencies, each often using different software. To enable effective data sharing and exchange, a platform is needed to convert and share all data in a standardized format, ensuring seamless communication between systems. This data is typically converted into DXF format.
To address this, ISO has developed a standard for data exchange in construction called STEP, centered around the EXPRESS language. The data model is divided into two types: CIS/2 and IFC.
Currently, the most widely used standard for industrial data storage in construction is IFC (Industry Foundation Classes). IFC provides standardized data models for various construction disciplines, allowing different parties to exchange data efficiently. The first IFC version was released in 1997, with the latest official version, IFC4, introduced in 2013 and still in use today.
2. Process Standards
Process standards refer to the protocols governing data conversion between units across different fields, as well as standards for information acquisition, sharing, and coordination throughout the construction stages. These standards ensure smooth data exchange during different construction processes.
Currently, the IDMC standard is widely adopted both domestically and internationally. IDMC focuses on developing standardized information for various project stages, creating manufacturer models, and openly mapping and sharing data.
3. Classification Criteria
BIM technology and coding systems both aim to enable efficient interoperability in engineering projects. Achieving this requires a comprehensive, scientific, and standardized coding system. Proper classification and coding effectively support project aspects such as cost control, scheduling, and pricing.
As China actively promotes BIM technology, many software companies have developed their own coding systems and standards. However, these differences can hinder the global adoption of BIM systems. To address this, China established an information modeling framework standard in 2011, referencing the international NBIMS.
The information classification standard uses the international IFD system, which assigns unique identification codes to different concepts to avoid confusion during information sharing. Three key theories underpin building information exchange: IFC, IDM, and IFD. These are essential for the widespread implementation of BIM technology.
The above outlines the basic data standards for BIM technology. We hope this article provides helpful insights to everyone interested in this field!
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