Some beginners in BIM often confuse BIM technology with BIM modeling software, which is a common misconception. The BIM model serves as the foundation and prerequisite for applying BIM technology and realizing its value in engineering projects. Popular BIM modeling software used both internationally and domestically includes Autodesk’s Revit, Bentley’s MicroStation, and Graphisoft’s ArchiCAD.
(1) Revit is a building information modeling and 3D modeling software developed by Autodesk. Leveraging AutoCAD’s widespread market presence, Revit enjoys extensive international usage. It is part of a comprehensive BIM software ecosystem that supports the entire project lifecycle, including tools like Civil3D, Navisworks, and Infraworks, which facilitate collaborative management and seamless data exchange throughout the project.
Revit offers robust parametric design capabilities along with an open API, which supports custom development tailored to varied user needs. Using programming languages such as C#, users can create plugins to automate repetitive tasks, enhance modeling efficiency, and enable automated modeling processes. Additionally, Revit includes Dynamo, a visual programming plugin designed for modeling complex, irregular surfaces.
A distinctive feature of Revit is its concept of “families” — reusable model components that can be customized with parameters such as size, material, and type. These parameters can be adjusted to meet the specific requirements of different family components, providing great flexibility in model creation.
(2) MicroStation (MS) is BIM modeling software specifically tailored for infrastructure projects. Unlike conventional BIM software, MicroStation uses a 3D coordinate-based modeling approach rather than flat or vertical modeling, effectively addressing the challenges of positioning and modeling complex structures like bridges, tunnels, and roads in three-dimensional space.
MicroStation’s powerful subsystems enable high integration of geometric information and design data, allowing real-time updates during the design process. Bentley provides built-in extension interfaces to support various engineering disciplines. Additional attribute modules and plugin patches, such as the ProSteel plugin for steel structure design, can further expand MicroStation’s functionality. However, due to its high cost and limited localization support, MicroStation sees relatively less adoption in China.
(3) ArchiCAD was an early leader in the BIM design software market, offering a large database of pre-designed, customizable objects that facilitate rapid model creation. Nonetheless, ArchiCAD has notable limitations. Creating new components requires programming in GDL language, which increases the complexity of parametric modeling and restricts software development.
Furthermore, ArchiCAD’s functionality primarily focuses on architectural design, which conflicts with the collaborative, multidisciplinary design approach prevalent in China. Consequently, its use is relatively limited in the Chinese market.
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