Do you know how to create a BIM model? There are two primary methods for establishing BIM models during the construction phase.
The first method involves using two-dimensional construction drawings provided by the design team to reconstruct the BIM three-dimensional model. This approach is often referred to as “flipping the mold.” It mainly consists of repetitive modeling and remains the most widely used method for creating BIM models today.
The second method starts with a BIM model created during the design phase. This model is then directly imported into the construction phase, eliminating the need for remodeling. The main challenge here lies in integrating and converting software between the design and construction stages.
Regardless of the method chosen, the focus during the design and construction phases differs, which also affects the BIM model’s database content. For instance, details such as the shape and quantity of steel bars only appear in the BIM model during the construction phase.
As a project advances through planning, design, construction, and other stages, all stakeholders contribute to enriching and refining the BIM model database. This ongoing process gradually makes the information more comprehensive and detailed.
In the application of BIM technology, establishing and managing BIM models are crucial tasks. However, at each stage of the construction project lifecycle, clear guidelines are needed to define the required level of detail and depth for the model.
In 2008, the American Institute of Architects (AIA) introduced document E202, which defines LOD (Level of Development) to indicate the depth of BIM models throughout different phases of a construction project. The document outlines five LOD levels, ranging from 100 to 500, reflecting increasing levels of detail as the design progresses. Different components in the model advance through these LOD levels at varying rates.
During the construction phase, the contractor requires a comprehensive BIM model for the entire project. To establish this, the BIM model must meet construction process demands, typically achieved through distributed modeling combined with centralized data management. Models are created according to various disciplines, such as architecture, structural engineering, and mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems.
Once the model reaches the required level of detail, the database information for each model component is further enhanced to support construction needs.
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