(1) Multidisciplinary Conflicts and Clash Detection Using Construction Drawings. BIM models enable comprehensive clash checks among various building components, including structural elements, pipelines, and equipment. This approach helps avoid errors, omissions, and conflicts commonly found in traditional 2D drawings. By utilizing the software’s built-in collision detection features, issues are identified, resolved, and optimized, ultimately guiding smoother on-site construction processes.
(2) In-Depth Design Development. This includes detailed design of mechanical and electrical pipelines, steel structures, and curtain walls with complex surfaces. It involves optimizing connection nodes—such as steel joints, curtain wall nodes, and curved curtain wall segmentation—to address clashes with embedded components. Visual inspections before steel processing and the optimization, disassembly, and fabrication planning of curtain wall frameworks and panels are also part of this phase.
(3) Site Analysis and Management. Real estate projects often face challenges like limited site space, tight schedules, and material abundance. BIM’s 3D spatial simulation enables site managers to visualize site layouts, material storage, and usage, helping balance constrained construction areas with material logistics to ensure efficient and orderly on-site management.
(4) Underground Space Analysis. BIM facilitates visualization of underground parking spaces, providing accurate models for garage layouts, parking space analysis, decision-making support, and guidance. Additionally, height clearance analysis of critical pipeline areas ensures design compliance and practicality based on the pipeline layout plans.
(5) Earthwork Balance Analysis. BIM models are used to plan earthwork by calculating excavation and fill volumes across different project stages. This enables scheduling of soil transportation, dedicated storage, and procurement activities, reducing soil loss and improving resource management throughout construction.
(6) Material Usage Analysis. BIM software calculates the precise consumption of steel bars, concrete, and masonry materials. It helps select the most efficient cutting plans based on actual raw material dimensions. During steel cutting, the software intelligently reallocates cut-offs to usable sections, significantly reducing waste. For masonry, BIM’s brick layout function optimizes brick placement and cutting, minimizing broken bricks and material waste during construction.
(7) Formwork Usage Analysis. ① Formwork Optimization: BIM selects the best formwork schemes based on construction plans and workflow segments. The software matches and manages molds intelligently, optimizing board utilization and producing precise formwork layouts and cutting diagrams. This minimizes unusable formwork pieces and reduces waste on site. ② Formwork Support Optimization: Various support types, materials, and parameters can be tailored according to construction technology and project requirements. Supports are arranged automatically following relevant standards and construction phases to minimize cutting and select the optimal configuration.
(8) Product Strength Enhancement. ① Detail Optimization: BIM helps address design flaws, improve functionality, meet aesthetic standards, and enhance the overall quality of the project layout. ② Marketing Presentation: Virtual model rooms created through VR allow potential buyers to explore every corner of the project from different perspectives, reducing the need for physical visits. This immersive experience also reveals pipeline layouts within each unit, which are not visible in traditional model rooms, significantly improving the viewing experience.
Zhang Bingbing (Zhongyuan University of Technology)
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