Currently, many countries are actively developing national standards for BIM (Building Information Modeling). Below is a summary and analysis of the main domestic and international BIM standard systems.
BuildingsMART is a leading international organization dedicated to BIM standard research. Their developed standards encompass a wide range of construction industry processes and information exchange functions. These standards are categorized into five key areas: data storage (IFC), information delivery manual (IDM), model view definitions (MVD), BIM collaboration formats, and the data dictionary (bSDD).
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has established the ISO/TC59/SC13 committee, which focuses on the standardization and normalization of information within the architectural field. This committee provides the foundational framework for BIM standards, which individual countries adapt to develop their own specific standards.
After a thorough review and analysis, the following characteristics of mainstream BIM information model standard systems—both domestic and international—can be identified:
1) Most national standards focus primarily on the construction industry. Since the design and construction phases of this industry differ significantly from those in urban road engineering, these standards offer only partial relevance to urban road projects. However, industry standards from railway and highway sectors provide valuable references for developing BIM standards tailored to urban road engineering.
2) BIM standards are generally developed from two perspectives: technical standards and implementation standards. Technical standards target software developers and modelers and include semantic information standards, data storage protocols, and information exchange formats. Each country and industry may prioritize different aspects, resulting in variations in the specific frameworks. Implementation standards, on the other hand, serve BIM technology users by outlining principles and methods for BIM application throughout the entire project lifecycle, covering design, construction, and operation phases.
3) Within technical standards, semantic information standards classify and encode engineering data, drawing on ISO 12006-2, ISO 12006-3, and OmniClass standards. Data storage standards define data exchange formats, primarily based on the IFC standard. Information exchange standards specify the content and procedures for information delivery, relying on the IDM standard.
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