Currently, the application of BIM can be categorized into four levels based on the depth of its implementation: Level 0, Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3.
Level 0 represents the most basic stage of BIM development. At this stage, only two-dimensional drawings are used, without any 3D models. This reflects the traditional 2D approach that remains common in the construction industry today.
Level 1 BIM combines both 2D and 3D elements, but the 3D models contain minimal information and primarily serve as visual representations. Typically, these models are used independently by specific institutions or departments, without collaborative integration.
At Level 2, BIM consists of multiple model sets. This stage emphasizes collaboration among project team members by integrating additional data into the models. Each department maintains its own independent model, which is not centrally consolidated. Instead, relevant personnel link these departmental models to create an overall comprehensive model. However, each segment of the model has its own access permissions and varying standards, making full integration challenging. Models at this level are mainly used for clash detection.
Level 3 BIM marks a fully open and highly integrated modeling process, featuring a single unified model. This model is collaboratively developed by architects, quantity surveyors, structural engineers, contractors, and operators, with each professional adding their specific information. Upon project completion, this comprehensive model can be handed over to the owner for ongoing operation, management, and maintenance.
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