After all, what exactly is BIM? Who are the key players involved, why does it hold such appeal, and what are the steps and benefits associated with its adoption? Many detailed explanations can be found in various domestic and international sources. This article will not delve deeply into those details. Instead, it will use the terms BIM and related specialized terminology to help readers gain a clear understanding of BIM and its associated concepts.
1. BIM
Generally, BIM stands for Building Information Model, which refers to a digital model that can be visually represented. As a model, BIM has several essential characteristics: it must be three-dimensional (3D), data-driven, and computer-activated. Most importantly, this model contains information beyond just geometry — it includes engineering-related data such as cost, specifications, performance, materials, and more.
With the actual implementation of building BIM models, the term Building Information Modeling emerged. This term highlights the dynamic process of creating and using the models. BIM is not only a technological advancement but also a transformation in workflow. Therefore, using the term “Modeling” better expresses the full scope and meaning of BIM.
The origin of the term BIM dates back to the 1990s when Professor Chuck Eastman from Georgia Institute of Technology introduced the concept of Building Product Models. He proposed using data exchange formats like IFC to integrate building models from different disciplines to enable collaborative work. As software companies gradually developed tools to implement this idea, the technology was tested and validated in practice. Today, the term BIM, as adopted by Autodesk in its white papers, encompasses both the concept and related technologies.
2. VDC
VDC, which stands for Virtual Design and Construction, was introduced by Professor Martin Fischer from the Center for Integrated Facility Engineering (CIFE) at Stanford University. As the name implies, VDC involves simulating the design and construction processes of engineering projects in a virtual environment, which is similar to BIM.
However, in practice, the VDC approach developed by CIFE covers a broader range of topics. It includes interactions among people and between people and digital models, alongside the use of BIM models. This fundamentally distinguishes VDC from BIM, which primarily focuses on using models as the core element to connect and manage projects.
3. IPD
IPD, or Integrated Project Delivery, refers to a collaborative approach used throughout an engineering project that integrates designers, construction companies, equipment suppliers, owners, and other stakeholders into a unified team to complete the project. This contrasts with traditional practices where design, contracting, and construction are done in separate phases and by different entities, often leading to poor data transfer.
IPD resembles the concept of engineering turnkey projects, meaning that construction contractors are involved from the early stages to ensure the project is delivered as a complete package to the owner.
This concludes today’s overview of BIM and its related terms. Stay tuned for more in tomorrow’s follow-up!
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