Today, the author continues to share the fourth part of nearly one hundred architectural knowledge tips. Without further ado, let’s get straight to the point:
61. When two high-rise buildings stand adjacent, and the outer wall of the taller building is lower than its roof, with a firewall within 15 meters that has no doors or windows, the fire separation distance can be unlimited.
62. Fire separation distances are as follows: between high-rise main buildings or between high-rise ancillary buildings, it is 13 meters; between high-rise ancillary buildings and other ancillary buildings, 6 meters; between high-rise main buildings and other buildings, 13, 15, or 18 meters depending on the context; and for high-rise ancillary buildings and other buildings, the distance varies between 6, 7, or 9 meters for first, second, third, and fourth level fire resistance respectively.
63. If the short side of a high-rise inner courtyard or open courtyard exceeds 24 meters, it is advisable to include a fire lane leading into the courtyard. Around high-rise civil buildings, a circular fire lane should be established to provide access to natural water sources and fire water pools for firefighting.
64. The clear width and height of fire lanes passing through high-rise buildings must be no less than 4 meters.
65. The maximum building area for each fire compartment is 1000 square meters in Class I high-rise buildings, 1500 square meters in Class II high-rise buildings, and 500 square meters in basements.
66. For multi-story buildings, fire compartment areas vary by fire resistance rating: 2500 m² (150 m length) for first and second levels; 1200 m² (100 m length) for third level; and 600 m² (60 m length) for fourth level. Basements and semi-basements have a fire compartment area limit of 500 square meters.
67. When a firewall separates a high-rise building from its podium and an automatic sprinkler system is installed, the podium’s fire compartment area can be up to 5000 square meters.
68. Fire doors are not required for ventilation and air conditioning rooms according to the standards.
69. Evacuation doors in civil buildings and factories should open in the direction of evacuation. However, if the number of people in a room does not exceed 60 and the average evacuees per door is less than 30, the direction of door opening is unrestricted.
70. In high-rise residential buildings with only one smoke-proof staircase and fire elevator, the floor area of each level must not exceed 650 square meters.
71. Doors in high-rise residential buildings should not open directly into the elevator lobby. If this is unavoidable, some doors may open to the lobby but must be Class B fire doors.
72. Super high-rise public buildings with a standard floor area exceeding 1000 square meters should have a helicopter landing pad installed on the roof.
73. Building service life classifications are as follows: first-class buildings exceed 100 years; second-class buildings range from 50 to 100 years; third-class buildings last 25 to 50 years; and fourth-class buildings have a service life under 15 years.
The horizontal distance between overhead power lines and Class A and B factory buildings should be no less than 1.5 times the height of the pole; for Class C, it should be 1.2 times the height.
Power lines below 1 kV require a vertical clearance of 2.5 meters from buildings, 6 meters from the ground, 1 meter from trees, and 6 meters from driving roads, with a horizontal clearance of 1 meter.
76. Buildings taller than 24 meters are considered high-rise (excluding single floors exactly 24 meters tall). Buildings above 100 meters are classified as super high-rise.
77. The floors of toilets and bathrooms should be slightly lower than adjacent aisles by 20 to 50 millimeters, with a slope of 0.5% toward the floor drain.
78. The distance between faucets on washbasins and sinks should be 0.7 meters, positioned 0.55 meters from the wall.
79. The spacing between urinals should be 0.65 meters.
80. Flues should extend at least 0.6 meters above the roof.
That concludes today’s discussion on Architectural Knowledge. This marks the end of the fourth part of nearly one hundred architectural tips. Stay tuned for the final part tomorrow!
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