As is well known, BIM stands for Building Information Modeling, where the “Information” aspect goes far beyond construction projects. It covers a broad range of subjects, including geography, astronomy, regulations, standards, terminology, and more. Today, I will share an in-depth discussion about the “I” in BIM—the concept of Information.
Coding Systems
Encoding involves using numbers, text, or letters to replace lengthy descriptive text or to represent specific data. This allows users to understand the scope, category, meaning, or pathway of the information through effective classification. Each code point in an encoding system carries a specific meaning. When combined with computer processing, encoding enables the transmission of information that commands computers to perform identification tasks, ultimately producing relevant statistics or data for the designated operation. Popular BIM software incorporates encoding systems such as MasterFormat codes and Uniformat codes.
BIM Information Standards
BIM functions as a platform for information exchange, supporting various project phases such as concept development, knowledge management, regulatory review of construction plans, design analysis, visualization, simulation, linking technical specifications, procurement, construction management, facility operations after completion, and even demolition and reconstruction. These so-called cross-lifecycle computer-aided professional activities facilitate information exchange and collaboration, significantly improving project efficiency.
Effective information transmission within BIM requires a set of standards defining how information is used and exchanged. These standards include three essential components: the exchange format (referring to computer unit formats), exchange specifications (defining when and what information is shared), and the information content itself.
Beyond the open software format known as Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), which was developed to enable interoperability between different software platforms, the terminology used in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is standardized through the International Framework for Dictionaries (IFD). The IFD creates a standardized terminology library for the AEC sector, encompassing various industry terms. Each term is clearly defined and assigned a globally unique identifier (UID), allowing architectural terminology expressed in different languages to be accurately exchanged in a computer-readable format.
Additionally, the outer layer of the information exchange platform addresses the evolving information needs throughout the building lifecycle. This is clearly outlined in the Information Delivery Manual (IDM), which specifies at which lifecycle stage, by which discipline, and what specific information is required.
To sum up, today’s focus was on the “I” in BIM—that is, Information. Many might wonder if there are only a few facets of “Information” in BIM. Certainly not. It also includes types of information, how BIM software processes data, and much more, which have not been covered here in detail. For those interested in exploring these topics further, the author’s previous article, Introduction to the Core of BIM Software, offers a comprehensive explanation.
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